Pharmaceutical composition on the basis of Stachytarpheta sp., a process for obtaining the same and its use for treating vitiligo

ABSTRACT

This invention generally refers to the process to obtain a compound and a standard pharmaceutical product from one or more parts of plants of the  Stachytarpheta  (Verbenaceae family) species, as well as roots, stems, barks, and leaves of plants in the form of extracts or enriched fractions, or pure isolated compounds or compounds obtained from synthesis, used alone or mixed with other natural or synthetic products, in different ratios, in order to integrate pharmaceutical compositions to be used by appropriate routes (topic or oral), particularly in the form of tablets, capsules, dyes, emulsions, W/O and O/W (creams and gels), liposomes, microcapsules, nanoparticles, aerosols, ointments, and the like, as well as formulations for slow-release implants, used to treat vitiligo.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is the U.S. National Phase of InternationalPatent Application Serial No. PCT/BR2007/000316, filed on Nov. 14, 2007,which claims priority to Brazilian Patent Application Serial No.PI07007671, filed on Feb. 15, 2007, both of which are herebyincorporated by reference in their entireties.

This invention generally refers to the obtention of a compound and astandard pharmaceutical product from roots, stems, barks, and leaves ofplants of the Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae family) genus, in the form ofextracts or enriched fractions, or pure isolated compounds or compoundsobtained from synthesis or semi-synthesis, used alone (pure extract) ormixed with other natural or synthetic products, in different ratios, inorder to integrate pharmaceutical compositions to be used by appropriateroutes (topic or oral), particularly in the form of tablets, capsules,dyes, emulsions, W/O and O/W (creams and gels), liposomes,microcapsules, nanoparticles, aerosols, ointments, and the like, as wellas formulations for slow-release implants, used to treat vitiligo andmanifestations thereof—loss of skin pigment.

BASIS OF THE INVENTION

The name vitiligo was used for the first time by the Roman physicianCelsus (50 a. C). It originates from the Latin word vitilus, which meanswhite patch. The descriptions of such disease were recorded in the EbersPapyrus (1500 b.C), and in the Hindu sacred book Anthe (1400 b.C), whereit is called Schwetakustha.

Vitiligo is a disease characterized in that the skin patches that mayappear in several body parts, mainly arms, legs, mouth, and eyes. In allcases, the melanin is observed to disappear. The vitiligo occurs by thedestruction of melanocytes, however the cause is not completely clear.There are four theories suggested for the development of vitiligo:autoimmune, self-destructive, neurogenic and mixed therapy.

Autoimmune This theory is based on the association of immunologicalfactors, just like other diseases of immunological origin, such asHashimoto's thyroiditis. Neurogenic This theory suggests that therelease of components produced by the nervous stimuli may inhibit theproduction of skin melanin. Self-Destructive It suggests that themelanocytes are destroyed by flaws in the protective mechanism thatremoves the chemical toxins generated by the melanogenesis. Mixed Thistheory takes into account the possibility of gathering all the linesdescribed above.

Vitiligo is considered an autoimmune disease, presented as amelanocyte-specific immunological and multifactorial disease ofendogenous origin: genetics and melanocitary oxidation or of exogenousorigin: rubbing, skin lesions (Köebner Phenomenon).

Recent researches have demonstrated the existence of specificbiochemical failures on the catalase activity and an accumulation ofhydrogenated peroxide in the skin of vitiligo patients. The catalasesuggests that keratinocytes in vitiligo are capable of recycling the 5,6, 7, 8-tetrahydrobiopterin (6-BH₄), an adjuvant factor for thehydroxylation of L-phenylalanine into L-tyrosine. This may break thesupply of L-thyroxine for the melanin production, increasing thecatecholamine by the keratinocytes, resulting in the accumulation oftoxic free radicals that may damage the melanocytes.

Morphologically, regarding the occurrence of discolored areas, thevitiligo may occur in eight forms:

Symmetrical The most common discoloration form, developed in both sidesof the human body. Asymmetrical Affects one side of the body only.Segmentary Follows the path of one nerve. Cicrumscript Affects thepigmentation of a small area only. Universal Appears around dark,pigmented patches. Congenital Is the unpigmented form of vitiligo thatoccurs from the birth. Generalized Affects the skin almost in itsentirety. Ocular Affects the retina, causing pain and photophobia.

The available treatments are:

Psychological: it is necessary to face vitiligo with simplicity. Sinceit is a psychological disease, the treatment shall not be consideredbefore the patient believes that he/she is capable of recovery.

Use of melagenine: it helps decreasing the patches in 75% of thepatients.

Use of Diprosalic: Diprosalic solution, less efficient than melagenine,is topically used on the patches.

Use of sun protection factors: used across all treatment variations. Sunburnt leads to a potential photocarcinogenesis and may broadenunpigmentation areas (Köebner Phenomenon).

Use of topical corticosteroids: Used for small vitiligo patches withresponse after weeks or months. One of the most powerful includesbetamethasone and clobetasol propionate. The follow-up on a monthly orbimonthly basis guarantees the control of side effects, such as spiderveins, acne and skin atrophy. Upon any sign of those effects, theintermittent use shall be avoided. The treatment outcomes must beobserved within three months, taking into account that those areimmunosupressor drugs.

PUVA: The most usual vitiligo treatment is the photochromotherapyassociated to psoralen, usually 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), andartificial exposure to a 315-400 nm fluorescent lamp for approximately10 minutes. The pigmentation may occur gradually in a perifollicularmanner (around the hair follicle), although a few cases it acts over thewhole area. If no response is achieved within three months, thetreatment must be discontinued. In case of repigmentation responses, itmay be applied for one to one and a half year, always with approximately2-month resting intervals, since these drugs are considered hepatotoxic,nephrotoxic and cause gastric and ocular disorders. To avoid the risk ofphotocarcinogenesis, the treatment shall be administered with 100 to 150expositions. Only 30% of the patients who underwent the PUVA therapyachieved a good repigmentation, and among them, approximately 75%relapsed within 2 to 3 years.

In light of the foregoing, it was demonstrated that the existingtreatments are not satisfactory to fight vitiligo manifestations. It isimportant to use efficient and safe drugs for both treatment andprophylaxis, especially natural drugs and low toxicity drugs. Thosenatural products must comprise pharmaceutical formulations to be used bythe appropriate routes.

Yet on the prior art, the document PI 0406343-0 relates to the use ofaqueous, hydroalcoholic, alcoholic or organic solvents extracts fromleaves and/or aerial parts of the Stachytarpheta polyura species, usedto treat vitiligo. This species, Stachytarpheta polyura, is rarely foundin nature, and its diminutive size makes the production of the extractin industrial scale unfeasible, costly and unprofitable.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, and due to this invention, it has just been scientificallyproven, through laboratory pre-clinical tests regarding toxicologicaland pharmacological assessments—both in vitro and in vivo, followed byclinical evaluations with a significant number of patients—usingalcoholic, hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts from one or more parts ofplants of one of the S. cayennensis, S. jamaicensis and S. eliotisspecies, or a mixture of them, that this invention is composed ofpowerful therapeutic agents, whether alone or mixed in different ratioswith each other or with other products, whether natural or synthetic,capable of fighting vitiligo, according to the data and resultsdescribed below.

Our researches were initially carried out using data obtained byethnopharmacological assessments on plants used by the Brazilian popularmedicine, empirically known to present repigmentation properties thatfight vitiligo. Then the phytochemical, pharmacological andtoxicological studies were carried out using alcoholic, hydroalcoholicand aqueous extracts from the aerial parts of more than 30 plants,including several species of the Stachytarpheta genus. Through thosescreenings, it was found that both the decoction and the hydroalcoholicextract from the S. cayennensis, S. jamaicensis and S. eliotis leavespresent cicatrizant and anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities.These data corroborate with the use of verbena by the domestic medicine.The analyses of the results have also demonstrated that the referredextracts do not present cytotoxicity when assessed in micro-larvae ofArtemia salina; neither relevant toxicity, when assessed against alevinsof Poecilia reticulata and mice. Through the microbiological,antibacterial and antifungal in vitro assessment, carried out withdifferent concentrations, a modest antimicrobial activity is observed.

The newly developed product may be synthesized, semi-synthesized orobtained from alcoholic, aqueous or hydroalcoholic or organic extractsfrom one or more parts of plants of one of the following species, or amixture thereof: S. cayennensis, S. jamaicensis and S. eliotis.

The species used in this invention are more easily found in nature thanStachytarpheta polyura, mentioned on the prior art, in largerquantities, as well as larger sizes, increasing the feasibility of theproduction in industrial scale. Such species, popularly known as gervão,gerbão, overjão, chá-do-Brasil (“verbena/vervain”), among other popularnames, are used in the traditional medicine as cicatrizant, treatmentfor stomach problems and antifebrile.

The new pharmaceutical invention uses pure extracts, synthetic orsemi-synthetic compounds or isolates from those plants' extracts,whether alone or mixed with each other or yet associated to extracts,fixed oils, essential oils, fragrances, powders or excipients from othernatural or synthetic sources.

Through pre-clinical and clinical tests, it has been proven that theidentified compounds are used as part of medications formulas to treatvitiligo, used by oral route when in tablets or capsules, and by topicalroute as dyes, creams, gels, aerosols or similar others used asadjuvant. This invention also extends to the pharmaceutical compositionscontaining, besides the referred extracts, fractions or components ofthose extracts (natural or synthetic), used to formulate medicationsapplied on the treatment or prophylaxis of vitiligo.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the first aspect, this invention is about a process to produce apharmaceutical product from standardized extracts, fractions or isolatemolecules from plants of the Stachytarpheta genus, S. cayennensis, S.jamaicensis and S. eliotis species of the Verbenaceae family, to be usedas a medication to treat vitiligo. The production process according tothis invention is comprised of the following stages:

(a) The biomass that forms one or more parts, whether green or dried, ofthe plant, roots, stems, barks and leaves of the species ofStachytarpheta genus, is pulverized, or ground, or chopped, or crumbled,considering that the raw material may be comprised, with no limitation,of the S. cayennensis, S. jamaicensis or S. eliotis species or theirmixtures;

(b) The biomass obtained through the process (a) is extracted bypercolation, or maceration, or soxlhet, or using gases in supercriticalstate, or extraction using a base or acid medium or an organic solventor extraction by steam distillation; considering that the organicsolvents are, for example, halogenated compounds, alcohols, aldehyde,ketones, cycloalkanes or alkanes, phenolic compounds, benzenes andderivatives, among other, whether alone or their mixtures; and in thecase of an acid/base extraction, the extraction may be performed withstrong or weak acids, whether diluted or concentrated, alone or mixed,such as acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid; and the base usedin the extraction process is formed by concentrated or diluted bases,whether alone or in mixtures, such as, for example, ammonium hydroxide(NH₄OH) and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃);

(c) The extract obtained may be dried using spray-dryer, with inlettemperature of approximately 150-190° C., and outlet temperature ofapproximately 60-90° C.; or under reduced pressure, with temperatureranging between 25-75° C.; or at room temperature.

The process, according to this invention, allows the production inindustrial scale, since it reduces the process time, presents anappropriate yield and results in a pharmaceutical product. Themedication, according to this invention, contains around 0.001 to 99% ofat least one of the compounds or their mixtures in free form or in saltform (such as chlorates, sulfates or borates) of chemical structure (I),(II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI) and (VII).

wherein R is identical or different and each one is independentlyselected among H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂OH, COCH₃, alkali metals, halogens,monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharides, CO(CH₂)_(n)CH₃,(CH₂)_(n)CH₃, where n ranges from 2 to 16.

The pharmaceutical extract obtained according to this invention isuseful both to be directly administrated to a patient and to be used inthe preparation of pharmaceutical compositions, with contents rangingfrom approximately 0.001 to approximately 5000 mg/kg/day, particularlyapproximately 200 to 400 mg/kg/day, split in one or more times duringthe day. Under another aspect, this invention is about pharmaceuticalcompositions containing approximately 0.001 to approximately 5000 mg ofextract, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Thepharmaceutical compound may also be used under the form associated todrugs, vitamins, salts and sugars.

Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients appropriate to the invention are,for example, and with no limitations, those mentioned in the followingworks: Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, published by theNorth-American publisher Mack Publishing, as well as the EuropeanPharmacopeia, the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia, and new excipients that maybe developed.

The pharmaceutical product and the pharmaceutical compositions,according to this invention, are provably efficient to treat vitiligo.

In order to develop the pre-clinical and clinical researches ofalcoholic, hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of the aerial parts ofthree species of verbena, the extracts were obtained as described below.

The following species: S. cayennensis, S. jamaicensis and S. eliotis,used to obtain alcoholic, hydroalcoholic, aqueous, or organics extracts,were collected from 1995 to 2002 in the Brazilian states of Paraíba,Pernambuco and Bahia. The foliorum exsiccata of the specimens wereindividually stored in the files of Herbário Lauro Pires Xavier,Universidade Federal da Paraíba, city of João Pessoa, Brazil.

The alcoholic extracts of the leaves and aerial parts of the plants wereindividually extracted through percolation, using ethanol as solvent,during 72 to 144 hours in a row.

After the extraction and concentration in rotavapor, the dried extracthad its weight determined, as well as its respective yield in relationto the fresh weight of the vegetable materials.

The yield of the ethanolic extracts of leaves and aerial parts perspecies were the following:

% Ethanolic Extract Aerial Species % Ethanolic Extract leaves parts S.cayensensis 12 to 18 8 to 13 S. jamaicensis 11 to 16 7 to 13 S. eliotis11 to 19 7 to 14

The aqueous extracts of the leaves and aerial parts of the plants wereindividually extracted through decoction, using water as solvent, during72 to 144 hours in a row. After the extraction and concentration inrotavapor, the dried extract had its weight determined, as well as itsrespective yield in relation to the fresh weight of the vegetablematerials. The average yield of the three aqueous extracts of thestudied species (individually) presented the following yields: S.cayensensis: 12% (leaves) and 11% (aerial parts); S. jamaicensis: 14%(leaves) and 12% (aerial parts) and S. eliotis: 11% (leaves) and 9%(aerial parts). The partitions (liquid-liquid) of those extracts werecarried out using solvents, in increasing order of polarity with hexane,chloroform, butanol and water, which were evaporated in rotavapor underreduced pressure.

The purification of the aqueous extracts of the leaves and aerial partsof the plants was carried out with 10 g of the aqueous extract by CMP,using in the eluent system a mixture of MeOH and H₂O with 0.05% oftrifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in gradient mode (5% to 100% in 3 days). Theproducts were detected by UV at 254 nm. Forty fractions were obtainedfrom this first purification stage. The fraction No. 12 (400 mg) waspurified by CLHP preparation scale using a Symmetry® column (7 19×150mm, Waters, MeOH/H₂O 3:97/TFA 0.05%, flow of 10 mL/min, UV 254 nmleading to the isolation of compounds I (300 mg, Rt=12 min) The fractionNo. 15 leads to the isolation of the compound II (145 mg). The fractionNo. 18 leads to the isolation of the compound III (80 mg). The compoundIV was directly isolated from fraction No. 19. The compounds V (40 mg),VI (35 mg) and VII (5 mg) were isolated from fraction No. 21.

The chemical structures of the isolate compounds were elucidated byspectroscopic methods, including ultraviolet (UV), nuclear magneticresonance (ID and 2D NMR), low and high resolution mass spectrometry (MSand HRMS), as well as chemical and enzyme reactions. The compounds I andII were identified as iridoids, wherein the R group may be identical ordifferent from groups H, CH₃, COCH₃, CO(CH₂)_(n)CH₃ (where n ranges from2 to 16), halogens, monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharides.The compound III was identified as a flavonoid, wherein the R group maybe H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂OH, COCH₃, CO(CH₂)_(n)CH₃ (where n ranges from 2to 16), halogen, monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide. Thecompounds IV, V, VI and VII were identified as ethyl phenyl propaneglycosilate derivatives, wherein the R group can be H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃,CH₂OH, COCH₃, CO(CH₂)_(n)CH₃ (where n ranges from 2 to 16), halogen,monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharides.

Two types of leaves of each vegetal species were selected for thoseanalyses: small (young) and large (adults). Using that material, thefoliar humidity was determined in a round bottomed flask containing 150mL of dry toluene, previously treated and heated to a temperature ofapproximately 120° C., maintained until system ebullition, followed byreading of the water volumes of the steam distillation. The average ofthe three foliar humidity analyses of each studied species achieved thefollowing yields: Stachytarpheta cayensensis: 69% (young leaves) and 67%(adult leaves); Stachytarpheta jamaicensis: 68% (young leaves) and 64%(adult leaves); and Stachytarpheta eliotisi 66% (young leaves) and 64%(adult leaves).

The analyses of the percentile of the foliar waxes of each species wereindividually carried out on the collected and identified botanicalmaterials. For each analysis, a 1000-mL beaker was used, in which it wasadded 150 g of the vegetable and, then, 500 mL of chloroform P.A. Afterfive minutes of extraction, this was filtered in a qualitative filterpaper, obtaining a chloroform extract that was concentrated in reducedpressure rotavapor. The determination of the percentile of the foliarwaxes was carried out after drying it in a vacuum dryer, weighed untilconstant weight. This quantitative analysis, repeated three timesfollowing the same methodology, revealed that the aerial part of thestudies species present the following yields of the foliar waxes:Stachytarpheta cayennensis: 0.21%; Stachytarpheta jamaicensis: 0.22%;and Stachytarpheta eliotis: 0.19%.

The qualitative analyses of the foliar waxes of the three species werecarried out using the extract of the waxes obtained according to theabovementioned methodology (0.1 g), after the etherification reactionwith diazomethane. The compositions were assessed through a gaschromatography coupled with mass spectrometry connected to a database.To perform the analyses, each methyled material was dissolved into 5 mLof n-hexane (chromatographic), and from this solution 5 [mu]L wereinjected into the GC/MS system model HP-5890-series 2, with a 30-m DB1column, packed with 100% of dimethylpolysiloxane. The carrier gas usedwas helium, under an initial temperature of 60° C., in a 10° C./mingradient until it reaches the temperature of 240° C., coupled with amass spectrometer, connected to a database.

The identification of the chemical components of foliar waxes wasperformed through the registration of the fragmentation in the massspectrum and its molecular weight, making a simultaneous comparison tothe database against 135,000 organic compounds available in the system.The foliar waxes of the three species present the followinghydrocarbonates components: dodecane, tricosane and the hexadecanoic,dodecanoic, tricosanoic and eicosanoic acids.

The evaluations of the biological activities of the alcoholic extractand its liquid-liquid partitions (hexanic, chloroformic and aqueous),all obtained from aerial parts of S. cayennensis, S. jamaicensis and S.eliotis, as well as from the isolate chemical components, were carriedout through in vitro laboratorial tests about the free radicalscaptation activities (ABTS-radical), SOD mimetic, nitric oxide synthesisand inhibition of xanthine oxidase.

The extracts of S. cayennensis, S. jamaicensis and S. eliotis presenteda powerful captation activity of O₂ ⁻ over the hypoxanthine/xanthinesystem. In concentrations of about 40 μg/ml, the extracts presentedinhibition of the xanthine oxidase activity and production of nitricacid on the macrofages. Among the isolate compounds, the compounds II,III and IV had an important antioxidant activity under 10 μMconcentrations. The IV compound presented, by its turn, a significantactivity in the assay with nitric oxide at a 10 μM concentration.

The evaluations of the biological activities of the alcoholic extractand its liquid-liquid partitions (hexanic, chloroformic and aqueous),all obtained from aerial parts of S. cayennensis, S. jamaicensis and S.eliotis, as well as from the isolate chemical components, were carriedout in in vivo tests, as follows: the cytotoxicity tests were carriedout using alevins of Poecilia reticulata; the toxicity tests used larvaeof Artemia salina, and the microbiological tests used 7 bacteria, 5yeast-like fungi and 6 filamentous fungi.

The assays to assess for ichthyotoxic or piscicide characteristics wereperformed with alevins of Poecilia reticulata, collected from the RiverJaguaribe in the city of João Pessoa—PB [State of Paraíba], acclimatizedin laboratory for 48 hours, fed with fish food. The alevins used in thebiological assays had an average of 17.1 mm in length. The alcoholic,hydroalcoholic and aqueous (decoction) extracts were diluted indistilled water in the concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL.

The product solutions, in the three concentrations, were used on thebiological evaluation tests in a 1000-mL beaker covered with tulle nets,containing 400 mL of the solution of each product. The assays werecarried out with groups of 10 alevins, individually, with exposure timeof 24 hours. During this period, the referred solutions were aired withappropriate devices under room temperature. For each biological assay, acontrol test in distilled and aired water was carried out with 10alevins collected and treated likewise.

The gross evaluation of the activity of those substances about alevinswas carried out by means of physiological and behavioral changes, suchas: hyperactivity, convulsive movements, loss of balance, attempt toescape the bowls and death. The results revealed that the products werenontoxic in all of the three tested concentrations.

The evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of the alcoholic andhydroalcoholic extracts and the decoction was carried out in a salinemedium with recently ecloded microlarvae of Artemia salina Leach, inconcentrations of 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL To perform the bioassays, theadapted Fontenele et al. methodology was used. Each solution wasassessed in the toxic tests in triplicates, using 10 larvae of Artemiasalina. This experiment was kept at room temperature (26-28° C.) underartificial lighting for a period of up to 24 hours in a row. A controltest was prepared using 5 mL of saline solution with 10 larvae of A.salina, under the same experimental conditions of the previouslydescribed tests. The results of those bioassays revealed that none ofthe extracts presented toxicity in concentrations of up to 100 μg/mL.

The microbiological tests were carried out with alcoholic andhydroalcoholic extracts and with the decoction obtained individuallyfrom the aerial parts of the 3 species (S. cayennensis, S. jamaicensisand S. eliotis), in concentrations of 2500, 1250, 625, 313 and 156mg/mL, solubilized into dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).

The microbiological assays with the referred extracts were carried outin solid medium using the serial dilution art at a ratio of 2, inSabouraud Dextrose Agar (DIFCO) and Nutrient Agar (Merck). In 12×120 mmtest tubes, 3 mL of the medium were added to the 1^(st) tube and 1.5 mLto the others; 15 mg of the extract were added to the 1^(st) tube,creating the other dilutions. Then, 10 μL of the standardizedmicroorganism suspension were added to 10⁶ CFU, according to tube 0.5 ofthe McFarland scale, and adjusted to 90% T (530 nm). The extracts werealso tested by the Vicent & Vicent and Allegrini arts; the culturemedium added with the microorganism suspension was also added filterpaper disks (CECO/SP) impregnated with 0.02 mL of each extract. Acontrol was created for each microorganism with standard antimicrobial(chloramphenicol at 30 μg/mL, tetracycline at 30 μg/mL and ketoconazoleat 1000 μg/mL) The assays were incubated at 37° C. during 24-48 hours(bacteria and yeast) and room temperature for 10-14 days (filamentousfungi). The microbiological assays of the mentioned products werecarried out against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; yeast-likefungi and filamentous fungi assays were performed against the followingmicroorganisms: Bacteria: Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonasaeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus; Yeast-like fungi: Candidaalbicans, Candida tropicali and Cryptococcus neoforman, Filamentousfungi: Aspergillus parasiticus, Penicilium sp and Trichophyton rubrum.The microbiological assays of the mentioned products did not presentantimicrobial activity against none of the tested microorganisms.

The pharmacological, pre-clinical and clinical evaluations of thealcoholic extract and the aqueous extracts (decoction) of the aerialparts of S. cayennensis, S. jamaicensis and S. eliotis were individuallycarried out both in vitro and in vivo for the activities describedbelow.

The assessments were carried out in Swiss-Webster mice (10/group), whoreceived doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/Kg of each extract orally. The animalsin the control group received saline solution 0.9% (10 mL/Kg; orally)only. This outcome did not produce any death in the groups treated withthe alcoholic, hydroalcoholic and aqueous (decoction) extracts of the 3plant species. Only one group treated with alcoholic extract of S.eliotis presented a mortality rate of 10%. No evidences of toxicityregarding a significant change to the ponderal evolution, organs weight(heart, spleen, liver, stomach, kidneys, lungs, testicles, ovaries anduterus), hematological and biochemical parameters, were observed amongthe chronically treated groups and the controls. The results of thetests of acute toxicity evaluations in mice demonstrated that thealcoholic, hydroalcoholic and aqueous (decoction) extracts of the aerialparts of Stachytarpheta cayensensis, S. jamaicensis and S. eliotis, whenassessed in different concentrations, individually, did not presenttoxic effects in oral route in doses of up to 1.0 g/Kg.

From the concentrated aqueous extract (decoction) of the aerial parts ofeach plant species, a phytotherapic medication was developed. Theconcentration of the phytotherapic medication per plant was of 60 and120 mg of the dried extract powder per capsule. A cream for topical usewith Lanette base was also developed, using parabenes as preservativeand 3% of powder of the aqueous extract of each plant. The recommendedposology was 1 capsule 3 times a day, and regarding the cream, 2 dailyapplications.

-   -   Each 280-mg capsule of the phytotherapic medication contains:

Dried extract . . . 60.00 mg

Preservative (parabenes) . . . 0.56 mg

Starch . . . 210.00 mg

Water . . . q.s.

-   -   Each 1.0 mL of the phytotherapic medication contains:

Dried extract . . . 3.00 tng

Preservative (parabenes) . . . 0.20 mg

Lanette cream (q.s.) . . . 96.80 mg

The clinical evaluation of the three phytotherapic medications wasperformed in 36 adult volunteers (age group ranging 22-53 years old),being 22 women and 14 men, suffering from vitiligo in different stagesand extensions, most of them presenting symmetrical unpigmentation anddiagnosed based in clinical analyses. The patients were split into threegroups of 12 subjects, uncontrolled manner The patients were initiallyinformed on the research and at that moment every patient was requestedurine and blood samples for analysis. At the beginning of the treatment,all patients had their patches photographed and mapped in a transparentpaper to record the unpigmented areas and an improved follow-up of thetreatment course.

The recommended posology was 1 60-mg capsule of the active ingredient(dried extract) 3 times a day and clinical evaluation once a month. Theclinical treatment varied from 14 to 18 months, and for all cases,sunbathing in the morning for 30 to 45 minutes, between 7 and 9 a.m.,was recommended. This study did not use placebo and no discontinuationoccurred.

It was recorded that all patients had already been subjected to at leastone treatment against vitiligo and that more than 60% had already beenthrough more than two treatments. The most used medication was calledViticromim.

The analyses of the results revealed that the three phytotherapicmedications achieved positive results, reporting that more than 50% ofthe patients had their patches repigmented after using the capsules for18 months in a row. The Group 1, treated with capsules of Stachytarphetaeliotis, achieved the best relative result when compared against theresults of the other groups. The Group 2, treated with capsules of S.jamaicensis, presented a result equivalent to Group 3, treated withcapsules of S. cayensensis. Those results were distributed in thefollowing manner: out of the 21 patients who had their patchesrepigmented, 9 belonged to the Group 1; 6 patients belonged to Group 2and the other belonged to Group 3. In this context, it was also recordedthat in 6 patients of the Group 1 (50% of the group), the results ofobservable repigmentation through photographic records and the areaswere observed soon after the 4^(th) and 5^(th) month while using theproduct. On the other groups, the repigmentation results were reportedonly after the 6th and the 8th month while using the phytotherapic.

No complaints of malaise, dizziness, headache or vomit were reported forthe continuous use of phytotherapic products. Although the regimentationresults are partial in 10 patients (27.8%), they were satisfied with theresults and only 5 of then considered the results unsatisfactory. Thepatients who had complete repigmentation of their patches wereoverjoyed.

Described below are a few examples, with no limitation, of methodologiesand arts related to obtention and preparation of fractions, purecompounds from the alcoholic, hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of theleaves or aerial parts of Stachytarpheta cayensensis, S. jamaicensis andS. eliotis, appropriate to be used according the invention presentedherein.

Example 1 Methodology Used to Obtain Alcoholic Extract

In a bowl of an extractor equipped with mechanical agitation, add 100 Kgof leaves or aerial parts of the plant (of one of the three mentionedspecies), dried in ovens with controlled temperature of 60° C. andgrounded in electrical mill Then, add 280 liters of ethanol at 96° GL,with frequent stirring, during 72 to <′>144 hours (2 to 4 days). Afterthat process, filter the extract in vacuum through 100-μm filters. Usingthis methodology, a yield of approximately 240 liters of extractsolution is obtained. After evaporation of the solvent in rotaryevaporator with reduced pressure, a concentrated alcoholic extract isachieved, with the following results per plant, on average: 18% ofStachytarpheta cayensens; 16.5% of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis and 19.7%of Stachytarpheta eliotis.

Example 2 Methodology Used to Obtain Hydroalcoholic Extract

To a stainless steel percolator, add 50 Kg of leaves or aerial parts ofthe plant (of one of the three mentioned species), dehydrated undershadow over stainless steel nets, during 24 hours. Then, add 80 litersof a hydroalcoholic solution (ethanol:water 1:1) and allow it topercolate for 8 days, with daily and occasional stirring. By the end ofthe period, filtrate the extract in 100-μm filters and concentrate it inrotary evaporator under reduced pressure. This methodology results in ayield of concentrated hydroalcoholic extract per plant in the followingorder: 15 to 21% of Stachytarpheta cayensensis; 17 to 20% ofStachytarpheta jamaicensis and 15 to 22% of Stachytarpheta eliotis.

Example 3 Methodology Used to Obtain Aqueous Extract

To obtain the aqueous extract of one of the three Stachytarphetaspecies, add to a percolation bowl with controlled temperature 50 Kg ofthe leaves of previously selected aerial parts, dried under 65° C. in anoven with forced aeration and, then, ground it in an electric mill.Then, add 100 liters of distilled water to the bowl and heat it to 90°C. for 4 hours in a row. During that period, stir it occasionally. Then,filtrate it using 100-μm filters and, lastly, concentrate the extract(filtrate) in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. Thisextraction process results in the following yields: 7.4 to 11.2% ofStachytarpheta cayensensis; 6.5 to 8.9% of Stachytarpheta jamaicensisand 7.2 to 11.5% of Stachytarpheta eliotis in relation to the weight ofthe vegetable material used in the extraction process.

1.-27. (canceled)
 28. A method for the prevention and treatment ofvitiligo, comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof acomposition comprising extracts of one or more parts of theStachytarpheta species, wherein the extracts have one or more compounds,in its free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salts, from the groupof iridoids, flavonoids and ethyl phenyl propane glycosilatederivatives.
 29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the compoundhas both chemical structures I and II of the iridoids group: (I) andwherein R is identical or different and each one is independentlyselected among H, CH₃, COCH₃, alkali metals, halogens, monosaccharides,disaccharides or polysaccharides, CO(CH₂)_(n)CH₃, (CH₂)_(n)CH₃, where nranges from 2 to
 16. 30. The method according to claim 28, wherein thecompound has the following chemical structure of the flavonoids group:


31. The method according to claim 28, wherein the compound has thechemical structures IV, V, VI and VII of the ethyl phenyl propaneglycosilate derivatives group: and wherein R is identical or differentand each one is independently selected among H, CH₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂OH,COCH₃, alkali metals, halogens, monosaccharides, disaccharides orpolysaccharides, CO(CH₂)_(n)CH₃, (CH₂)_(n)CH₃, where n ranges from 2 to16.
 32. The method according to claim 28, wherein the extracts areobtained from Stachytarpheta cayensensis, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis andStachytarpheta eliotis species, alone or in mixtures.
 33. The methodaccording to claim 28, wherein parts of plants of the Stachytarphetagenus are stems, roots, barks and leaves.
 34. The method according claim29, wherein the compound of the flavonoid group isLuteolin-7-O-Gluciside.
 35. The method according to claim 28, whereinthe compounds are in the form pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
 36. Themethod according to claim 28, wherein the composition contains 0.001 to99% of extracts in weight out of the total weight of the composition.37. The method according to claim 28, wherein the composition isadministered to the mammal at a dose of approximately 0.001 toapproximately 5000 mg/kg/day, split into one or more times a day. 38.The method according to claim 28, wherein the composition isadministered to the mammal at a dose approximately 200 to approximately400 mg/kg/day, split into one or more times a day.
 39. The methodaccording to claim 28, wherein the composition contains approximately0.001 mg to 5000 mg of the extract containing one or more compounds. 40.The method according to claim 38, wherein the compound is administered 3times a day.
 41. The method according to claim 28, wherein the compoundsare used alone or in combination in the composition.
 42. The methodaccording to claim 28, wherein the composition further comprises fixedoils, essential oils, fragrances, powders or excipients from othernatural or synthetic origins, drug, vitamin, salt, monosaccharides,disaccharides, polysaccharides, or other pharmaceutically acceptableadjuvants, vehicles or excipients.
 43. The method according to claim 28,wherein the composition is in the form of tablets, capsules, dyes,syrups, creams, gels, liposomes, microcapsules, nanoparticles, aerosols,sprays, ointments, injectable liquids, powders, lyophilized, patches, orslow-release implants.
 44. The method according to claim 28, wherein thecomposition is a phytodrug, or a phytotherapic medication.
 45. Themethod according to claim 28, wherein the mammal is human.
 46. Themethod according to claim 28, wherein the composition is orallyadministered.
 47. The method according to claim 46, wherein thecomposition is a hard gelatinous capsule or a soft gelatinous capsule.48. The method according to claim 47, wherein the capsules contain fromapproximately 0.001 mg to approximately 5000 mg of the extractcontaining one or more compounds.